November 2017 -

A Journey through the history of Pakistan

Exploring the Ancient History of Pakistan Unearthing the Rich Past of Pakistan Modern-day Pakistan stands as a testament to the vast and captivating tapestry of history woven into its soil. A Journey through the history of Pakistan is a journey through the ages, tracing the footsteps of ancient civilizations that once thrived on this land. These ancient echoes have shaped Pakistan into a repository of historical treasures that beckon explorers and historians alike. Let’s delve into this rich heritage through the annals of time. Soanian Culture: Tracing the Origins In the depths of Pakistan’s history, we find the Soanian Culture, harking back to the lower Paleolithic era. The relics of this era, including edged pebble tools discovered near the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad along the Soan River, offer a glimpse into human habitation in this region some 50,000 years ago. The Soanian Culture derives its name from the Soan Valley, where Stone Age relics like tools and pottery endure as a testament to this ancient era. Regrettably, the once pristine Soan River has now deteriorated into a polluted waterway. Mehrgarh: Cradle of Neolithic Civilization Mehrgarh, nestled in the Balochistan province, emerges as one of the most significant Neolithic sites in Pakistan. Dating back 9,000 years, this settlement sprawls across 200 hectares on the Kachhi plain near the Bolan Pass. Unearthed in 1974 by the French archaeologist Jean-François Jarrige, Mehrgarh provides a window into life during the Pre-Harappan phase, from 7000 B.C.E. to 5500 B.C.E. Inhabitants of early Mehrgarh constructed mud brick houses, stored grain in granaries, fashioned tools from local copper ore, and waterproofed their containers with bitumen. This society thrived until around 2600 BCE when arid conditions compelled migration, paving the way for the Indus Valley Civilization. Indus Valley Civilization: A Technological Marvel The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, graced the Indus River Valley from 3300 to 1800 BCE. Harappa in Punjab and Moenjodaro in Sindh are two of its renowned cities, excavated in 1921 and 1922, respectively. This civilization unfolds in three phases: the Early Harappans (3300-2600 BCE), the Mature Harappans (2600-1900 BCE), and the Late Harappans (1900-1300 BCE). The Indus Valley people displayed remarkable technological prowess. Their precision in toolmaking, standardized moisture-resistant fire-backed bricks, and advanced sewage systems underscore an advanced society that thrived while much of the world lagged behind. Climate change, disrupting the river system, eventually led to their decline around 1800 BCE. Gandhara: Cradle of Buddhism The ancient kingdom of Gandhara encompassed Northwest Pakistan, the Potohar plateau, and parts of Afghanistan. It served as the cradle of Gandhara civilization and Buddhism, which flourished here for over a millennium. The region’s archaeological sites, notably in Taxila and Swat, along with rock carvings along the Karakoram Highway, bear witness to Gandhara’s cultural and religious significance. The kingdom endured from the 6th century BC to 1021 AD when it succumbed to Mahmud of Ghazni’s conquest. Alexander the Great’s Indelible Mark In 326 BC, Alexander the Great, renowned as Sikandar-e-Azam in Urdu, ventured into Punjab through Swat. He formed an alliance with Ombhi, the ruler of Taxila, to challenge King Porus. During his time in Pakistan, Alexander engaged with local scholars and explored the region extensively. His legacy lives on in Pakistan, where relics like ancient coins commemorating his conquests and the Jandial Temple in Taxila continue to tell his story. The Maurya Empire: A Reign of Kings Following Alexander’s departure, Chandragupta Maurya rose to power, founding the Mauryan dynasty. He expanded his realm, stretching from eastern Iran to the Burmese hills, including the subcontinent. His son, Bindusara, continued this expansion, and the empire reached its zenith under Ashoka, one of history’s greatest rulers. Ashoka’s legacy includes constructing grand stupas, such as the Dharmarajika stupa in Taxila and the Butkara stupa in Swat. The Mauryan Empire began to wane after Ashoka’s reign, ultimately vanishing after his assassination. The Mughal Empire: Art and Architecture Flourish Babar, the first Mughal ruler, laid the foundation of the Mughal Empire in the subcontinent in 1526. The reign of the six Great Mughal Emperors from 1526 to 1707 left an indelible mark on architecture. Monuments like the Badshahi Mosque, the Shalimar Gardens, and the Lahore Fort showcases intricate stone carvings, glazed tile decorations, and precious stones set in marble. The Mughals’ architectural legacy extends to the Makli Tombs in Thatta, a testament to their artistic grandeur. The Sikh Empire: Rise and Fall From 1799 to 1849, the Sikh Empire dominated parts of South Asia. Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s rule, it expanded its territory from Gilgit and Tibet in the north to Sindh in the south, and from the Khyber Pass in the west to the Sutlej in the east. However, this empire eventually succumbed to British rule in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. This chapter in South Asian history is both captivating and enlightening, revealing a dynamic empire’s evolution and eventual decline. The British Raj: Legacy of Monuments The British East India Company’s rule from 1858 to 1947 left an indelible legacy on the subcontinent. While their presence was marked by the division of the region into Pakistan and India, they also contributed to its administration, infrastructure, and institutions. Remarkable monuments like Aitchison College Lahore, the Clock Tower in Peshawar, and Frere Hall Tower in Karachi bear witness to their architectural influence. A Journey through the History of Pakistan is a vibrant tapestry woven with the threads of ancient cultures, mighty empires, and enduring legacies. Exploring this rich past is not only a journey through time but also a deep dive into the fascinating history of this diverse and culturally rich nation. codecanyon

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Daman-e-Koh

Daman-e-Koh: A Captivating Viewpoint in the Margalla Hills Daman-e-Koh is a prominent viewpoint located north of Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. With its mesmerizing beauty and cool climate, Daman-e-Koh has undoubtedly become a must-visit destination for tourists and locals alike. This remarkable tourist attraction and viewpoint is nestled amidst the Margalla Hills in Islamabad, Pakistan. Generally, the name “Daman-e-Koh” is derived from two Persian words, “Daman” and “Koh,” meaning “Lap of the Mountain.” This picturesque location offers a serene escape from the bustling city. With its markedly fair altitude, it serves as a stunning vantage point to behold the natural wonders and urban landscape of Islamabad. Historical Significance Situated at an elevation of 2,400 feet above sea level and approximately 500 feet above Islamabad, Daman-e-Koh offers a captivating experience for visitors of all ages. In fact, Daman-e-Koh holds a significant place in the history of Islamabad. It was established in the early 1980s and later underwent extensive development in 2007 under the visionary leadership of Kamran Lashari. This transformation turned Daman-e-Koh into a major tourist hotspot, equipped with modern amenities and facilities. The Northern Viewpoint: A Visitor’s Delight As you arrive at Daman-e-Koh, the northern viewpoint welcomes you with open arms. The spacious parking lot ensures a convenient experience for visitors. Take a moment to relax on the private benches and tables, situated on the carpeted grass under the soothing shades of green trees. Adjacent to the parking lot, this spot offers a myriad of amenities to cater to your needs. Enjoy a stroll through the tuck shops and café, where you can savor delicious treats and refreshments. To enhance accessibility, electric-powered cars are available to shuttle visitors to the northern viewpoint. This service ensures a comfortable and convenient journey, especially for those who prefer not to walk the entire distance. Immerse yourself in the vibrant atmosphere as Daman-e-Koh is always bustling with enthusiastic tourists. The Southern Viewpoint: A Panoramic Experience For a breathtaking panoramic view of Islamabad, walk up to the southern viewpoint at a higher elevation. As soon as you gaze upon the landscape, a feast for the eyes unfolds before you. The Seventh Avenue, Faisal Mosque, the Centaurus Towers, Blue Area, Shakar Parian Hills, Rawal Lake, and the city of Rawalpindi reveal their splendor on a clear day. Telescopes are thoughtfully installed for avid observers to delve deeper into the intricate details of the surrounding landmarks. Wildlife and Natural Wonders The Margalla Hills is not only a delight for the eyes but also a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. While traversing the hills by car or exploring the various hiking trails, keep an eye out for the diverse range of bird species that call this region home. Their melodious tunes and vibrant plumage certainly add an enchanting element to your visit. In addition to the avian wonders, the Margalla Hills are inhabited by playful monkeys, adding a touch of liveliness to the natural environment. If you’re lucky enough to visit during the winter season when heavy snowfall blankets the hills, you might even catch a glimpse of the elusive Cheetah roaming gracefully amidst the snow-covered landscape. Adventurous Access to Daman-e-Koh Embarking on the road to Daman-e-Koh and Pir Sohawa is an adventure in itself. Every turn offers a panoramic view of the city and its surroundings, leaving you in awe of nature’s beauty. Located a mere 5 kilometers from the Zoo, Daman-e-Koh is easily accessible within 15 to 20 minutes by car. The journey is undoubtedly scenic, and the anticipation builds with each passing moment. Hiking Trails: Connecting with Nature For those seeking a more immersive experience, Daman-e-Koh and Pir Sohawa can be reached through various hiking trails. For the convenience of visitors, these trails are numbered from Trail 1 to Trail 6, each offering a unique perspective on the natural wonders of the Margalla Hills. Trail 2, starting from the Zoo, is a popular choice, as it leads directly to Daman-e-Koh within approximately 40 minutes. Let’s lace up your hiking boots, breathe in the fresh mountain air, and let the trails guide you to new adventures. Safety Guidelines for Visitors To ensure a safe and enjoyable visit to Daman-e-Koh, it is crucial to adhere to certain safety guidelines: Avoid walking through the hills alone. Refrain from entering the hills very early or when it is dark. Making fires in the jungle is strictly prohibited. Always stay on the designated trails to avoid getting lost. Respect the wildlife and never attempt to disturb or provoke them. Dress appropriately for the weather conditions to ensure comfort and safety. Most importantly, refrain from littering in the hills to preserve the natural beauty for generations to come. Dress Code and Proper Etiquette When visiting Daman-e-Koh, it is essential to dress modestly and respect local customs. Comfortable clothing, sturdy footwear, and appropriate headgear, such as a hat or cap, are recommended. Keep in mind that Daman-e-Koh is a family-friendly destination, so maintaining proper decorum and respecting the tranquility of the surroundings is greatly appreciated. Preserving the Beauty: Litter-Free Environment As responsible visitors, it is certainly our collective duty to keep Daman-e-Koh pristine and litter-free. Take advantage of the trash bins provided and ensure that all waste is disposed of properly. Let’s join hands in preserving the natural wonders of this enchanting location, allowing future generations to revel in its beauty. Undoubtedly, Daman-e-Koh stands as a testament to the natural wonders that Pakistan has to offer. Nestled in the Margalla Hills, this captivating tourist attraction and viewpoint enthralls visitors with its panoramic vistas, tranquil ambiance, and rich biodiversity.

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Faisal Mosque Islamabad

Faisal Mosque: A Fusion of Tradition and Modernity A Landmark of Global and National Significance Nestled at the foothills of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad, the Faisal Mosque is an awe-inspiring symbol of Pakistan’s Islamic heritage. As the 6th largest mosque in the world, it commands a distinctive place in the Islamic world, blending ultramodern and traditional architectural styles. Positioned on an elevated plateau, its grandeur can be admired from miles away. Open to visitors of all faiths, the mosque is not only a key tourist attraction but also holds the esteemed title of Pakistan’s national mosque, reflecting its immense cultural and spiritual significance. From Concept to Creation The genesis of the Faisal Mosque traces back to King Faisal of Saudi Arabia’s visit to Pakistan in 1966. Inspired by the ambition to establish the world’s largest mosque, an international design competition was held in 1969, attracting 43 entries from 17 nations. Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay’s innovative design won the honor and later earned the prestigious Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Construction commenced in 1976 and was completed in 1988, taking 12 years to bring the vision to life. The project, funded by 130 million Saudi Riyals (approximately $120 million), was generously financed by King Faisal, in whose memory the mosque is named. For nearly two decades, it stood as the largest mosque in the world until surpassed by the mosques in Saudi Arabia. Architectural Splendor The Faisal Mosque is a departure from traditional mosque designs, taking inspiration from the simplicity of a desert Bedouin tent. Its striking triangular worship hall, crowned with eight-sided shell-shaped sloping roofs, breaks away from the customary domes and arches of Islamic architecture. Surrounding the central structure are four towering minarets, each standing at an impressive height of 260 feet (79 meters). The mosque’s interior is equally captivating. Renowned Pakistani artist Sadequain contributed exquisite mosaics and intricate calligraphy. Likewise, the Turkish-style chandelier suspended from the 40-meter-high ceiling serves as a dazzling focal point. The west wall’s mosaic pattern, featuring Kalimah in the early Kufic script, adds an element of artistic and spiritual significance. Capacity and Location Covering an expansive area of 5,000 square meters (54,000 square feet), the mosque accommodates 10,000 worshippers in its main prayer hall. The courtyard and surrounding grounds further expand its capacity, allowing over 200,000 people to gather during significant congregational prayers. Strategically situated at the northern end of Faisal Avenue, the mosque is surrounded by lush greenery and serene landscapes. Adjacent to the mosque lies the mausoleum of Pakistan’s former President Zia-ul-Haq, adding historical context to the site. The sprawling grounds, carpeted with verdant grass and blooming flowers, provide a tranquil retreat for visitors. Visitor Information and Etiquette The Faisal Mosque warmly welcomes visitors of all faiths to explore its magnificent premises. The courtyard offers stunning views of the picturesque Margalla Hills, providing a peaceful setting for reflection or photography. Visitors are kindly requested to observe certain etiquettes as a mark of respect. Shoes must be removed before entering the main hall, and conservative attire is appreciated. Women are encouraged to wear headscarves, while men are advised to avoid shorts. To preserve the mosque’s serene atmosphere, eating, loud noises, and disruptive activities are discouraged. A Symbol of Unity and Innovation The Faisal Mosque represents more than an architectural achievement; it is a testament to unity, inclusivity, and cultural pride. Its unique design, rooted in tradition yet embracing modernity, continues to captivate visitors from around the world. Whether admired for its artistry, spiritual significance, or serene ambiance, the Faisal Mosque leaves an indelible impression on all who experience its magnificence.

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