Explore the spectacular attractions along the Karakoram Highway, from dramatic mountain landscapes and ancient valleys to Attabad Lake, Passu Cones, Khunjerab Pass, and historic settlements. Discover one of the world’s most remarkable journeys through the heart of Pakistan’s majestic northern mountains.
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Exploring the Marvels of Makran Coastal Highway: A Scenic Journey from Karachi to Gwadar The 653-kilometer highway bearing Makran Coastal Highway attractions is also known as National Highway 10 (N-10). The highway seamlessly connects the western province of Sindh with the picturesque landscapes of southern Balochistan. As we delve into the charm of this coastal road that hugs the Arabian Sea, we’ll uncover its hidden treasures, making your trip an extraordinary adventure. The Makran Coastal Highway: A Game-Changer Before the construction of this splendid highway, the arduous unpaved road journey from Karachi to Gwadar would consume two grueling days. However, with the advent of the Makran Coastal Highway, this travel time has been dramatically slashed to a mere 6-7 hours. The key Makran Coastal Highway Attractions dotted along the Highway are unique in all respects on this game-changer highway. Major attractions include: Zero Point: Where the Journey Begins Located approximately 125 kilometers northwest of Karachi, Zero Point serves as the gateway to two significant routes: the RCD Highway leading north to Baluchistan mainland and the N10 Makran Coastal Highway leading westward to Gwadar. It’s a place where cellular networks cease to function, emphasizing the remote and untamed beauty of this region. At this juncture, you’ll encounter a replica of the “Princess of Hope” rock formation, a testament to the region’s unique geography. Local restaurants and tuck shops offer a taste of authentic cuisine, including tea and cookies. For travelers’ convenience, a mosque and outdoor bathroom facilities are available. Hingol National Park: A Biodiversity Hotspot Stretching across an impressive 1,650 square kilometers along the Makran coast in southwestern Balochistan, Hingol National Park is a haven for nature enthusiasts. Established in 1988, this national park boasts a rich biodiversity, with 250 plant species, 35 species of mammals, 65 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 185 species of birds. It’s a must-visit destination for wildlife aficionados. Hingol Mud Volcanoes: Nature’s Artistry Approximately 200 kilometers west of Karachi and 8 kilometers off the main Coastal Highway, the Hingol mud volcanoes, also known as Chandragup Mud Volcanoes, showcase Mother Nature’s artistic prowess. The ever-erupting clay formations in Hingol National Park create a surreal landscape, making it a sacred site for Hindu worship. Local guides are your best bet for finding these hidden gems. Hinglaj Mandir: An Ancient Pilgrimage Site Situated in the heart of Hingol National Park, Hinglaj Mandir, also known as Hinglaj Mata, is an ancient Hindu temple and one of the world’s oldest. Nestled in a narrow gorge on the west bank of the Hingol River, this sacred site features a small, shapeless stone adorned with Sindoor (Vermilion) and worshipped as Hinglaj Mata. It’s a spiritual journey into the past. Kund Malir Beach: A Slice of Paradise Located around 145 kilometers from Zero Point and 270 kilometers from Karachi, Kund Malir Beach is a pristine coastal gem. Despite the lack of basic facilities like hotels and restaurants, it boasts a serene and soothing environment. The drive along the Coastal Highway becomes a delight as you soak in the breathtaking beauty of this world-renowned beach. Golden Beach: Nature’s Abode Situated just 2 kilometers from Kund Malir Beach, Golden Beach, also known as Malan Beach, is a less-explored paradise. Its limited facilities and steep gradient from the main Coastal Highway make it a quiet escape. Golden Beach is not only a haven for Green Turtles but also a wintering ground for over 50 species of migratory birds, making it a birdwatcher’s delight. Its golden sands and untouched beauty make it an eco-tourism hotspot. Princess of Hope: Nature’s Masterpiece The “Princess of Hope” remained hidden until Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie’s visit in 2002. This naturally carved rock formation, located around 275 kilometers from Karachi, stands tall as a testament to nature’s artistic abilities. Weathering the test of time, it adds a touch of mystery to your journey along the Makran Coastal Highway. The Sphinx of Makran Approximately 150 kilometers from the Zero Point of the Makran Coastal Highway and 280 kilometers from Karachi, you’ll encounter another natural wonder: the Sphinx-like structure. This formation, created by the relentless winds blowing through the region’s muddy hills, bears a resemblance to the Egyptian Sphinx. Although not as sharply shaped, it’s a unique sight worth seeing. Ormara Beach: A Historical Oasis Located about 360 kilometers west of Karachi and 230 kilometers east of Gwadar, Ormara Beach offers a pristine coastline with spectacular sunrise and sunset views. Named after General Ormoz, who accompanied Alexander the Great during his conquests, it holds historical significance. The Haft Talar tourist resort, overlooking the beach, provides a range of outdoor activities, from concerts to bird-watching. Pasni: A Historical Haven Pasni is an important small town and a fishing port in the Arabian Sea. The beachside is off the main Coastal Highway, 40km to the coastal area about 100km short of Gwadar. Pasni is an important small town and a fishing port at the Arabian Sea, off the main Coastal Highway, 40km to the coastal area about 100km short of Gwadar. Its significance relates to the discovery of rock formations including the ancient ruins of the Harappan era the presence of antique Hindu temples, and proofs of Alexander’s passing the coastal belt. Astola Island About 25 km south of the nearest part of the coast and 39 km southeast of the fishing port of Pasni is a small uninhabited island called Astola Island or Jazira Haft Talar. It is known to be the largest offshore Island measuring 6.7 km long and 2.3 km wide, and 246 ft above sea level. The Island is accessible by motorboat in about 5 hours or by helicopter. It is a popular eco-tourism destination with no lodging facilities on the Island. Anyone planning for an overnight stay must carry a tent and food. The Island is famous for scuba diving, fishing, and observing turtle breeding. Gwadar: The Gateway of Wind The term Gwadar is a combination of two Balochi words Gwat (meaning the wind) and Dar (meaning Gateway) thus Gwadar
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Exploring the Magnificence of Shalimar Gardens in Lahore Unraveling the Marvel of Shalimar Gardens: A UNESCO World Heritage Site The Shalimar Gardens in Lahore stand as an extraordinary testament to Mughal artistry and aesthetics, reaching their zenith during the reign of the Mughal Empire. Commissioned by the visionary Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, this architectural marvel began its construction on June 12, 1641. It was completed just 18 months later, in 1642. Together with the Lahore Fort, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Embracing All: From Royalty to the Common Folk While originally intended to serve as an enchanting retreat for royal guests, the Shalimar Gardens welcomed the general public to explore a dedicated section of its lush beauty. The inspiration for these gardens draws from the earlier Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir, built by Emperor Jahangir, the father of Shah Jahan. Remarkably, Shah Jahan himself played an active role in the construction of the Kashmiri gardens. Architectural Grandeur in Nature’s Embrace Covering an expansive 16 hectares, the rectangular garden is enclosed by crenelated walls crafted from red sandstone. It is structured across three terraces, gracefully descending from south to north. Each terrace carries a name infused with meaning: the upper terrace, known as “Farah Baksh,” translates to “Bestower of Pleasure,” the middle terrace, “Faiz Baksh,” means “Bestower of Goodness,” and the lower terrace, “Hayat Baksh,” signifies “Bestower of Life.” 410 Dancing Fountains: A Spectacle of Engineering Mastery The heart of the Shalimar Gardens lies in its 410 fountains, which gracefully rise from the canal, culminating in the marble pools. The hydraulic system that governs these fountains baffles even modern scientists with its ingenious thermal engineering. This engineering brilliance served to cool the air during sweltering summers, offering respite to the garden’s visitors. The upper-level terrace boasts 105 fountains, the middle terrace features 152, and the lower terrace delights with 153. Beyond the Wall: A World Within Within the protective embrace of the garden’s walls, a collection of buildings served diverse purposes. These include: Sawan Bhadun Pavilions Naqar Khana and Its Buildings Khwabgah or Sleeping Chambers Hammam or Royal Bath The Aiwan or Grand Hall Aramgah or Resting Place Khawabgah of Begum Sahib or Dream Place of the Emperor’s Wife Baradaries or Summer Pavilions for Cooling Delight Diwan-e-Khas-o-Aam or Hall of the Special and Ordinary Audience with the Emperor Two Gateways and Minarets Adorning the Corners of the Gardens Nature’s Bounty: A Verdant Oasis The Shalimar Gardens once boasted a lush variety of trees, including Almond, Peach, Apple, Plum, Apricot, Poplar, Cherry, Quince Seedless, Gokcha, Mango, Mulberry, Sapling of Cypress, Shrubs, and Sour and Sweet Oranges. A Historical Odyssey Supervised by the noble Khalilullah Khan in Shah Jahan’s court, the Shalimar Garden project took shape. The garden’s original land belonged to the Arian Mian Family, who were bestowed with the title “Mian” by the Emperor in recognition of their services to the Empire. The Mughal engineers, recognizing the ideal location and soil quality, acquired the land, ultimately leading to the creation of the Shalimar Gardens. The Arian Mian Family retained governance of the garden for 350 years until General Ayub Khan nationalized it, a consequence of their opposition to his imposition of martial law.
Exploring the Majestic Lahore Fort: A Historical Masterpiece Lahore Fort, locally known as Shahi Qila, is a magnificent architectural marvel situated in the northwestern corner of Lahore’s historic city. This royal fort is not only a testament to its rich history but also stands as an architectural gem. The fort covers an expansive area of nearly 20 hectares, with dimensions measuring approximately 427 meters from east to west and 335 meters from north to south. It’s important to note that these measurements exclude the outer fortification wall added during Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s Sikh rule (1799 – 1839 A.D). A Storied Past The site of the modern Lahore Fort has witnessed centuries of history. Its origins date back to the 11th century when a mud-brick fort was first recorded during Mahmud of Ghazni’s rule. Over the centuries, the fort underwent numerous cycles of destruction, demolition, and reconstruction by various conquerors and rulers before falling under the domain of the Mughal emperors. In 1241, Mongols demolished the fort, and Sultan Balban of the Delhi Sultanate initiated its reconstruction in 1267. However, in 1398, Timur’s invading forces razed it to the ground once more, only for it to be resurrected by Mubarak Shah Sayyid in 1421. During the 1430s, the fort came under the occupation of Shaikh Ali of Kabul before ultimately falling under the control of the Pashtun Sultans of the Lodi dynasty. In 1524, the Mughal Emperor Babur captured Lahore, marking the start of its Mughal legacy. The occupation persisted until the decline of the Mughal dynasty. Subsequently, the Sikhs and later the British took control of the fort. Mughal Magnificence The foundations of the Lahore Fort as we know it today were laid in 1566 during the reign of Emperor Akbar (1556–1605), who made Lahore his capital. Akbar introduced architectural modifications to the fort, incorporating Hindu motifs into its design. Successive Mughal emperors, including Shah Jahan, left their mark on the fort. Shah Jahan, for instance, adorned it with luxurious marble featuring intricate Persian floral designs. In the 17th century, the fort underwent a comprehensive reconstruction, coinciding with the zenith of the Mughal Empire’s prestige and prosperity. Distinct Sections and Prominent Monuments The Lahore Fort is situated in close proximity to the Badshahi Mosque, separated only by the Hazuri Bagh. The fort comprises two primary sections: the northern half, which served as the private and residential area, and the southern half, designated for royal audiences and administrative functions. Within the fort, several notable monuments stand as testaments to its historical significance: 1-Akbari Gate (Masti Gate) Built by Emperor Akbar in 1566, this gate later became known as Masti Gate. Actually, the Empress of Akbar built a mosque outside this gate in 1614 A.D that still exists in good condition. The word” Masjid” (Mosque) in the local version was corruptly pronounced Maseet and transformed as Masti; thus the name Masti Gate was affixed. The fort during Akbar’s times had two gates including Masti Gate. The other gate was later replaced by Alamgiri Gate in 1673 A.D. 2-Alamgiri Gate The iconic Alamgiri Gate, located on its western side, opens in the Hazuri Bagh and faces the renowned Badshahi Mosque, was the masterpiece built by the last of the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb (ruled: 1658 – 1707 A.D) in 1673-74 a private entrance to the royal quarters enabling the elephants carrying members of the royal household enter at one time. It has two semi-circular bastions decorated with lotus petal designs at the base. 3-Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of Public Audience) Diwan-i-Aam is a forty-pillar complex built under the supervision of Asif Khan (brother of Nur Jahan – the empress of Shah Jahan’s father, Jahangir). It was built during the reign of Shah Jahan in 1631 to receive official visitors, make a daily public appearance to address the issues, and review parades. It was demolished when Ranjit Singh’s son Sher Singh bombarded Lahore Fort. The fort was destroyed with light guns during a fight against Chand Kaur, the widow of Kharak Singh (the elder son of Ranjit Singh). After the occupation of the fort in 1849 A.D. The British rebuilt Diwan-i-Aam. 4-Jahangir Quadrangles The northeast corner of the fort is made up of Jahangir’s Quadrangles. The construction of the Quadrangles started during the tenure of Akbar in 1617-18. However, it was completed by Jahangir in 1620 at a cost of seven lacs (Seven Hundred Thousand) rupees. The design of the Quadrangles reflects Akbar’s influence as it employs column brackets carved in the form of animals. Moreover, the quadrangle’s layout differs from the mainstream Mughal quadrangles and its features reflect Hindu temple architecture referring the Akbar’s policy of tolerance. Usually, the Mughal quadrangles used the layout of a Persian paradise garden, and instead, it is formed by concentric rectangles with a fountain in its center. 5-Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience) Diwan-i-Khas is a hall commissioned by Shah Jahan where state guests were received and discussed matters related to the state. It is an arched pavilion built in semi-chaste marble and its parapet was decorated with pietra dura work (by inlaying semi-precious stones into white marble). 6-Khwabgah-e-Jahangir (Jahangir’s sleeping chamber) The north end of the quadrangle is dominated by the Barri Khwabgah, or ‘large bedroom’. It was Jahangir’s sleeping chamber attributed to Jahangir’s period and is located in the residential section. The current building is the reconstruction version from the British era. It is now used as a museum housing Mughal antiquities. 7-Khwabgah-e- Shah Jahan It was the sleeping chamber and the first building built by Shah Jahan under the supervision of Wazir Khan in 1634 during his first visit to the city. The Khwabgah comprises five sleeping chambers aligned in a single row. The carved marble screens inside the chambers are decorated with inlaid white marble and frescoes. The incised work known as Ghalib Kari in Urdu and the stucco tracery on the arches of this monument are the main features of this building. Its original decorations have gone astray presently except for a trace of the
Danyore Rock Inscriptions: A Journey through Time The boulder bearing the Danyore Rock Inscriptions nestles amidst the breathtaking landscapes of Danyore. It is just a stone’s throw away from Gilgit city in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. These ancient engravings provide a captivating glimpse into the 7th and 8th centuries. However, despite its historical significance, this hidden gem remains shrouded in obscurity. It was known primarily to a select few involved in the fields of archaeology and tourism. Danyore: Where History Meets Natural Beauty Danyore is situated along the iconic Karakoram Highway leading to Hunza, south of Gilgit. It boasts a scenic setting nestled between the Gilgit River and the Hunza River. While the journey from Gilgit to Danyore is a mere 10-minute drive, locating the exact site of the Danyore Rock Inscriptions can prove to be a challenge. Additionally, the signage on the KKH guiding visitors has vanished. Moreover, the boulder itself is tucked away on a narrow street within the premises of a private residence. Surprisingly, the current occupants of the house are unaware of the historical significance concealed within their walls. The Enigmatic Inscriptions This colossal rock measures an impressive 13 x 7 feet. It proudly bears the names of Tibetan monarchs who once held sway over Gilgit during the 7th and 8th centuries. These names are meticulously inscribed in a five-line Sanskrit script, utilizing the late Brahmi script. Dr. Ahmed Hasan Dani, a renowned Pakistani archaeologist, posits that Prince Kumaramatya, a scion of the lineage mentioned in the Hatun inscription of the Ghizer Valley, likely commissioned these inscriptions. The inscriptions bestow royal titles upon Jayamangala Vikramaditya Nandi of the Vikramaditya family, crowning him as Patola Shahi Shahanushahi and Parama-Bhattaraka. Unraveling the Purpose Dr. Dani’s research suggests that the Danyore Rock Inscriptions may have served as a commemoration of a local ruler’s triumph. It may possibly signify the defeat of a Tibetan incursion in the upper Indus Valley. It is also documented that the Kingdom of Great and Little Bolor came under Tibetan suzerainty around A.D. 725. Unfortunately, the ravages of time have taken a toll on the rock, causing the inscriptions to fade significantly. Nevertheless, it remains a poignant testament to the historical prominence of Sanskrit in the region and a priceless artifact that demands preservation. A Portal to Ancient Gilgit-Baltistan The Danyore Rock Inscriptions open a mesmerizing gateway into the ancient history and cultural heritage of Gilgit-Baltistan. As we stand in awe of these ancient carvings, it becomes evident that this land was once a vibrant center of civilization. It marks the influence of Tibetan rulers and the prevalence of Sanskrit as a dominant language. Basically, safeguarding these inscriptions and promoting awareness of their significance are vital steps in preserving the region’s historical legacy for generations to come. In the tranquility of Danyore, the Danyore Rock Inscriptions silently bear witness to a bygone era. Concealed within the heart of this town, these age-old engravings transport us through time, illuminating the rich history and cultural tapestry of Gilgit-Baltistan. Let us acknowledge the paramount importance of these inscriptions and unite in their conservation, ensuring that the legacy of our forebears endures for countless years ahead. FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)What are the Danyore Rock Inscriptions? The Danyore Rock Inscriptions are ancient carvings on a large boulder located in Danyore, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. These inscriptions date back to the 7th and 8th centuries A.D. and bear the names of Tibetan kings who ruled Gilgit during that era. Where exactly are the Danyore Rock Inscriptions located? The Danyore Rock Inscriptions are situated on the premises of a private house in Danyore, across Gilgit City. The town of Danyore is easily accessible from Gilgit, and the rock can be found off the main Karakoram Highway, leading through a narrow street to the private house. What language are the inscriptions written in? The inscriptions on the rock are written in Sanskrit, using the late Brahmi script. Moreover, the five-line inscription reveals the names of Tibetan rulers and confers royal titles upon them. Why are the Danyore Rock Inscriptions significant? These inscriptions provide valuable insights into the ancient history of the region, particularly the rule of Tibetan kings in Gilgit during the 7th and 8th centuries. They offer evidence of Sanskrit’s presence in the area and commemorate the achievements or conquests of the rulers. What efforts are being made to preserve the Danyore Rock Inscriptions? Due to the limited knowledge of the inscriptions’ significance, preservation efforts have been minimal. However, raising awareness about their historical importance is a need of the time. It is possible through collaboration with local authorities and heritage organizations to ensure the conservation of this valuable archaeological site. Remember, the Danyore Rock Inscriptions are a fragile piece of history, and it is our responsibility to protect and cherish them for future generations to appreciate.
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Explore the Majestic Derawar Fort in Southern Punjab, Pakistan Discovering the Grandeur of Derawar Fort Derawar Fort, also known as Qila Derawar, stands as an imposing citadel in the heart of Bahawalpur district. To be exact, the fort is located at the fringes of the Cholistan Desert in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Its formidable square structure rises dominantly amidst the vast semi-desert landscape, captivating the eye from miles away. Bathed in a golden hue, especially during the early morning’s gentle embrace and the enchanting sunsets, Derawar Fort stands tall, surpassing other Nawab Palaces in architectural grandeur. This iconic landmark promises an exhilarating journey from the city center and should be a top destination for any traveler. A Glimpse into the Past Derawar Fort has a rich historical legacy, dating back to the 9th century. Rai Jajja Bhati, a Hindu Rajput hailing from Jaisalmer in the Rajasthan state of India, commissioned the construction of the fort. In 1733, the Abbasi Nawab of Bahawalpur, Sir Sadeq Mohammad Khan I, seized control of the fort. Under his rule, the fort underwent significant renovations, culminating in its current majestic appearance. It briefly fell into obscurity during Bahawal Khan’s focus on Shikarpur. However, Nawab Mubarak Khan recaptured the fort in 1804. The Enigmatic Cholistan Desert Surrounding Derawar Fort is the Cholistan Desert. It spans an impressive 26,000 square kilometers (10,000 square miles) and extends into India’s Thar Desert. In the past, this arid expanse was nourished by the Hakra River, known as the Sarasvati in Vedic times. Until 1960, when the Sutlej River was diverted, Derawar continued to be watered by a canal. However, with time, it was forsaken and left to wither away. Today, the fort bears the scars of time, and the surrounding desert conceals numerous archaeological treasures, many dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization, along the dried-up river’s 500-kilometer stretch. Architectural Marvel The fort itself is a striking sight, constructed with red bricks and fortified by walls that are an impressive 5 feet thick and 30 meters high, punctuated by a series of bastions on each side. These bastions feature intricate geometric designs crafted from burnt bricks. Measuring 1500 meters in circumference, with each side spanning 204.8 meters, the square fort stands as a testament to robustness and grandeur. Within the fort’s precincts, one can find several buildings, including quarters once occupied by the royal family and those designated for the Nawab’s army. Sadly, these structures now stand deserted, slowly succumbing to the relentless march of time. There are two antique cannons displayed on pedestals in the fort’s dusty courtyard. On the western side, small underground cells lie abandoned, inhabited by bats, and ravaged by termites. It’s worth noting that Derawar Fort’s external appearance far surpasses its interior charm. The Resplendent Derawar Mosque Adjacent to the fort lies the impressive Derawar Mosque, a striking replica of the Moti Mosque at Delhi’s Red Fort, built in 1844 AD. Furthermore, nearby, you’ll find the magnificent burial ground of the Nawabs’ family. Visiting this burial site requires prior permission, so plan accordingly. Nearby, there are some shops, but all visitors should make prior arrangements for food, drinks, and other necessities. How to Reach Derawar Fort Derawar Fort is situated approximately 45 kilometers from Ahmed Pur East (Dera Nawab Sahib) and about 95 kilometers from the city of Bahawalpur. The journey takes approximately 3 hours, and it’s advisable to use a 4WD vehicle for this excursion. To gain access to the fort and the royal graveyard, you must obtain prior permission from the current Amir of Bahawalpur. Derawar Fort stands as a testament to history and architectural grandeur amidst the stark beauty of the Cholistan Desert. Exploring this remarkable fortress and its surroundings promises an unforgettable adventure, making it a must-visit destination for anyone seeking to immerse themselves in Pakistan’s rich cultural heritage and natural splendor.
