Chitral
Chitral is one of the spectacular, culturally rich, and prominent tourist destinations in the northern KPK province of Pakistan. The region is home to the mighty Hindukush Mountains and scenic valleys. The entire Chitral is blessed with breathtaking natural beauty. Each of its valleys has its unique attributes that distinguish it from the others. Its lush green valleys, high-altitude mountains, and scenic glaciers along with the rich culture of the region attract tourists from across the country and the globe every year. Chitral was historically an independent princely state before independence. However, it was the first state to declare accession to Pakistan as a district of Malakand Division in 1970. Geography Chitral town runs along the banks of the Chitral River. The entire Chitral district covers an area of 14,850 km². Out of its total landmass, 4% is forest, 3% cultivated area, and 2% cultivable land while the rest is mountains and barren. Chitral is bordered to the east by Gilgit-Baltistan, southeast with Swat, north and north-east by China and the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan, west borders Nuristan and Kunar provinces of Afghanistan, and Upper Dir district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province is situated to the south. Furthermore, Chitral town is the administrative center of the Chital district, which is controlled by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government. Districts Chitral itself is a district of KPK province housing a population of 447,362 and is further divided into two districts – lower and upper Chitral by the government of KPK. Chitral is located among the Hindukush Mountains in the northwest of Pakistan. Lower Chitral covers the region from Lowari to Barenis and Gabor on the Garam Chashma side while Upper Chitral starts from Barenis village onwards. History Centrally positioned on the crossroads to Central Asia, Chitral boasts a rich and captivating history. Its strategic location made it a coveted target for invaders, drawing attention before other areas in the region. The documented history of Chitral traces back to the early 8th century AD when Tibetans invaded the Yasin Valley, marking the beginning of a series of invasions. Subsequently, in 900 AD, both the Chinese and Buddhists became part of Chitral’s historical narrative. Later, the Kalash also ruled Chitral for decades. In the 14th century, Chitral became a unified independent under the rule of Shah Nasir Rais while in 1570, the Rais dynasty was replaced by the Katoor dynasty. Likewise, the famous mehtar of Chitral Aman-ul-Mulk ruled from 1857 to 1892. In 1895, the siege of Chitral Fort took place and lasted a month, after which Chitral became an independent state under British rule. Finally, in 1969 it was merged into Pakistan. Today, Chitral hosts ancient Chitrali Tribes as well as nomads who were invited by the mehtars to settle in the state. Chitral is additionally the residence of the ancient pagan tribe, the Kalash, who currently reside exclusively in the three valleys of Bamburat, Rambur, and Birir. Cultural Heritage Chitral’s cultural heritage encompasses a rich tapestry of arts and crafts, traditional clothing, diverse cuisines, local games, music, dance, folksongs, and iconic landmarks. People The Chitrali people call the land of Chitral “Kho” or “Khow” who account for 92% of the population and their language is Khowar. Other tribes include the 3000 Pagan Kalash people living in Bamburet, Rambur, and Birir; the Shubgali tribe living in Gabor, Langoor Butt, and Bamburet and are believed to have come from Nooristan (Afghanistan). The tradition of hospitality is evident across northern Pakistan, but few places match the generous warmth found in Chitral. Clothing Chitral boasts a long and illustrious history that has profoundly shaped its culture. Men in the society typically don Shalwar and Kameez, complemented by the traditional Pakol headwear. Women, on the other hand, wear Khet Partog, traditionally covering their faces with a scarf and adorning their heads with a Dupatta. The Pakol is alternatively referred to as the Chitrali Topi. The region also hosts various festivals featuring Chitrali traditional music, folk tales, and captivating traditional dances performed by both male and female members. Religious affiliation Mainland Chitral and its valleys are home to the Muslim population. However, the majority of the people in Chitral’s Kalash Valley are polytheists who believe in numerous gods. They worship numerous gods and hold a variety of religious festivals. Arts & Craft Chitralis also have a strong taste for music and Chitrali sitar, a string instrument, can often be heard at many places and family gatherings. Chitral’s artisans manufacture a wide range of elegant and delicately crafted jewelry, woodwork and embroidery, woven and knitted textiles. The woolen fabric from Chitral, known locally as “Shu,” and walnut wood furniture are highly sought-after items in handicraft markets across the country. The traditional clothes, including those of the Kalash people, are made from wool and silk and decorated with beads and shells. Traditional caps (Khapol) and gowns (Chugha) are popular while the typical Chitrali shoes (Khon) resemble long-riding boots. Traditional Chitrali buildings are embellished with wood carvings and have been designed keeping in view the climatic and local environmental conditions of the area. Culture Chitral’s culture carries traces of Greek, Iranian, Tatar, and Turkish influences, attributed to its unique location and historical connections with Central Asia and Europe. Chitral’s own culture, which has evolved over millennia and includes more than a dozen ethnic groups communicating as many languages as there are cultures, is strongly tied to those of Central Asia rather than South Asia. Chitral and Kalash people are also known for their incredibly unusual clothing and dances, as well as their love for music (Especially the tribes of Kalash). During festivals, drums are played, and the women dance in a circle while some elderly folks sit on the sidelines and sing old melodies. Languages The predominant language spoken by the locals is Chitrali. Khowar is the most widely spoken language in the region, with 98% of the population speaking it, while Kalash people speak Kalasha. Urdu, the national language, is also spoken and understood by the locals while Pashtu is
