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Exploring the Magnificent Tomb of Asif Khan in Lahore, Pakistan

Unveiling the Rich History and Architecture of Asif Khan’s Tomb

In the heart of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, lies a magnificent edifice – the Tomb of Asif Khan. This splendid architectural marvel stands as a testament to the opulence of the Mughal era. It is adorned with a high bulbous dome, reminiscent of a bygone era when craftsmanship and design were paramount.

Asif Khan: A Man of Influence

Asif Khan, known by the title Asif Khan, was none other than the esteemed Mughal statesman Mirza Abdul Hassan Jah, also recognized as Asif Jah. He held a significant place in the Mughal hierarchy, being the brother of Empress Noor Jahan, the father of Arjumand Bano Begum (famously known as Mumtaz Mahal, the beloved of Emperor Shah Jahan), and the brother-in-law of Mughal Emperor Jahangir. His illustrious career saw him rise to the position of Khan e Khana, commander in chief, and eventually, the governor of Lahore.

Tragically, Asif Khan met his end in a battle against the forces of the rebel Raja Jagat Singh in 1641. It was Emperor Shah Jahan who commissioned the construction of this remarkable tomb in his honor. The endeavor cost a staggering 300,000 rupees and took four years, from 1641 to 1645, to reach completion. Notably, Asif Khan’s tomb stands in close proximity to Jahangir’s tomb, forming an axis of historical significance.

The Garden of Paradise

The Tomb of Asif Khan is set within a picturesque garden measuring 300 yards on each side. This garden follows the Persian Chahar Bagh system, characterized by four squares divided by long pools and pathways. Each square is adorned with fountains, water reservoirs, and scenic trails. Originally, water reservoirs at each corner of the tomb supplied the fountains and pathways with water, creating a tranquil and serene ambiance.

Access to the garden is granted through gates on its northern and southern walls. The southern gate, the primary entrance to the complex, is a double-storied structure with intricate red stone and white marble ornamentation. Its interiors feature small chambers, while the central portion boasts a tall two-story iwan portal with stunning stucco work. Likewise, the flooring is a work of art, adorned with geometric brickwork. The northern gate, known as the Jawab (response) gate, is equally impressive, featuring a central arched iwan portal flanked by four smaller portals. Though time has weathered its intricate tile work, the gate still retains an air of grandeur. Additionally, a small mosque within the eastern wall served as a residence during the British era. It provides a glimpse into the tomb’s rich history.

Architecture

The architecture of Asif Khan’s tomb is a testament to the Central Asian style prevalent during the Mughal era. Standing at the center of the expansive garden, the tomb rests on an elevated podium, accessible by a flight of stairs. Its octagonal shape, with each side measuring 38 feet 8 inches, offers access from eight sides, each featuring an arched window offering a glimpse into the tomb’s interior. Similarly, deeply recessed iwans or alcoves grace each side of the tomb.

The exterior of the tomb originally boasted red sandstone and intricate marble stone inlay work. Stucco tracery and blue Kashi tiles adorned its walls. The dome, a distinctive feature initiated by Emperor Shah Jahan, was originally covered in white marble. This bulbous double dome rests atop the octagonal base, presenting a harmonious blend of form and function.

Inside the tomb, the lavish use of white marble, intricate inlay work, stucco designs, tile mosaics, and Ghalib Kari (fine plasterwork) create a mesmerizing visual experience. The inner dome ceiling, intricately decorated with interlacing patterns, adds to the grandeur. The central cenotaph is crafted from pure marble. It is also adorned with inscriptions from the Holy Qur’an and mirrors the nearby tomb of Emperor Jahangir. It stands upon a red limestone floor, known as Sang-e-Abri, although the original material no longer exists.

The Sikh Era and Restoration

During the rule of the Sikh Empire, Asif Khan’s tomb, along with other historical monuments, suffered significant damage. Notable Sikh rulers like Gujjar Singh, Lahna Singh, and Subha Singh played a role in the deterioration. They even planted large Pipal trees around the tomb, obstructing its view. Some of the stolen marble, decorative stones, and sandstones found their way into the construction of the Golden Temple in Amritsar and the Hazuri Bagh Baradari in Lahore.

The original beauty of the tomb was marred during this period, and despite subsequent repairs by the British, it never fully regained its former glory. Flooding in 1955 and 1973 further damaged the walls, leaving the tomb in a disappointing state.

Despite its challenges, the Tomb of Asif Khan holds a place on the tentative list as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It continues to stand as a testament to the rich history and architectural brilliance of the Mughal era. This architectural masterpiece invites visitors to explore its storied past and captivating beauty.

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